A comparison of text and a production of Shakespeares Macbeth Essay Example for Free

A comparison of text and a production of Shakespe bes Macbeth EssayFrom page to stage- A comparison of text and a production of Shakespeares Macbeth.I grant decided to aim my coursework at the scene where Banquos ghost appears to Macbeth. I am basing my coursework around the reactions of maam Macbeth and Macbeth, and also the way in which Banquo is represent to us in Shakespeares play and the performance, which we attended, by the Long Overdue Theatre Company.I am comparing each of these characters from the performance with the way that they are portrayed in the written recital. In the TLOTC performance we receive a calm atmosphere at the time of the banquet, however in the written version more mysterious version is revealed to us. In the production version I dont feel we were given a truly clear image of how Macbeth changed throughout the scene.The text initially portrays an image of how fright Macbeth is when he sees Banquo sitting at the table. When reading the play we can visualise whats happening throughout the scene. We can visualise how Macbeth talks to Banquo as though he is fully human and is really there. We see this by the way Macbeth discourses to Banquo,Never shake thy gory locks at me.It is in this way that we can tell clear whats happening in this scene. The TLOTC portrays this to us well, I feel that they gave us the clear view of Macbeths feelings towards the ghost. I feel that this helped us to realise the fear that Macbeth felt. They showed Macbeths actions clearly, he was very shaken and scared, I feel that the tone of voice he used was very effective.I feel that we learn more about Macbeths astonishment and suspicion in the TLOTC performance than in the text. Macbeth asks Which of you have done this?This shows us that Macbeth is in shock at what he is seeing before him. In the performance we are able to see the facial expressions, I feel that this helps us to get a clearer view at what Macbeth is feeling. Whereas in the writt en version we can exactly try and visualise what Macbeth is feeling.The tone of voice use helps us to realise the tension which Macbeth feels. Each time Banquo entered the room Macbeths tone of voice changed it became shaken and very loud. I think that Ben Shockley portrayed this very well in the performance. Macbeth tries to tell the others what he sees before him. He says to themIf I stand here I power saw him.In the written version we cant tell what type of voice is used so less emphasis is put on Macbeths words.The supernatural elements were portrayed to us more clearly in the performance. In the written version Shakespeare gives very few stage directions. In the LOTC production I felt that the strait effects that were used each time Banquos ghost appeared were very effective, in the way in which we are able to tell when Banquos ghost was appearing. We get none of this build up of tension from the written version.I feel, however, that the written version is much fuller than t hat of the performance as the impact of Shakespeares language was more obvious. This was peculiarly at the beginning of the scene, where Lady Macbeth seems to have a very calm, patient position towards Macbeth. Lady Macbeth says to the others in a calm voiceSit, worthy friends, my cleric is often thus.We can see Lady Macbeths attitude change towards Macbeth in both the performance and the written version. When she hears Macbeth speak to the ghost but she doesnt know who her conserve is talking to. Lady Macbeth tries to be strong and reassure everyone that Macbeths behaviour should not alarm them, when she says to them My lord is often thus, and hath been from his youth.As Macbeth begins again to talk to Banquo Lady Macbeths attitude changes again, she begins to panic a lot more. I feel that the way she was panicking partly was giving away their innocence. Lady Macbeths panic is conveyed on stage when she saysPray you speak not, he grows worse and worse, questions enrage him. At once, good night.In the LOTC performance and in the written version Lady Macbeth is shown as the stronger person between her and Macbeth. Lady Macbeth begins to get so antagonised that she begins threatening Macbeths right to call himself a man she says What, quite unmanned in folly?I feel that the performance gives a better view on Lady Macbeths strong will to keep her and Macbeth from looking guilty. Lady Macbeth tells Macbeth not to worry as she is afraid that all his agony will give away their innocence. I feel that the blood, which appeared from Banquos mouth and nose, helped the audience to visualise Banquos presence as a ghost, of a murder man, intent on making his killer suffer.

Gender Roles in Sports Essay Example for Free

Gender Roles in Sports EssayGender Roles in Sports Ever since the beginning of the Olympics Games in Greece in 776 B. C. , women have ceaselessly been put on the back burner when it comes to sports. To this day there ar very noticeable differences in womens sports compared the nature of mens sports. Women and men akin experience their inequalities in sports. For example, of you were to ask a group of people what they would rather watch womens basketball or mens basketball broadly speaking the majority of the group would favor watching mens basketball. On the contrary, to the highest degree individuals would rather watch womens synchronized swimming as opposed to mens synchronized swimming. Sports and all things involved are a business. Men cultivateing professional sports bond paid drastically much than women compete professional sports. It would be highly unlikely for a woman to get paid a 60 million dollar contract everywhere six years like a man in professional sport s would. According to www. therichest. org, soccer player David Beckham is currently worth 219 million dollars. He do 40 million dollars last year.If you compare that to the highest paid womens athlete, Maria Sharapova, who made over 25 million dollars, this fact proclaims that fans pay drastically much to fulfil males to play professional sports. According to www. therichest. org, the ten highest paid professional womens athlete made 113 million dollars over the past twelve months, up save one percent from the year 2010. The ten highest paid, professional male sports athletes collectively made 449 million dollars. The reason they set up the Olympics Games like they did in 776 B.C. , by not allowing to participate or even watch, is because the spectators wanted to only have the strongest, fastest, and close to durable to play and even witness the games. The games were a testimony to the Greek God Zeus. The people of Greece wanted to show Zeus the best of the best in their socie ty. People dont want to watch women play sports just like they dont want to watch dumb people play chess or jeopardy. Its logic, not sexism. When you watch the WNBA the most exciting thing you see is a backwards layup or a no look pass.When you watch the NBA, you see a man doing triad hundred sixty degree slam dunks and all kinds of other cool tricks that naturally appease the like of their fans. The dynamic presence of men doing what women cant inevitably draws a bigger crowd. Contact sports especially have a really addictive and enticing nature ab expose them that womens sports simply dont have. All these aspects of contact driven sports are masculine, testosterone driven traits that are unlike the nature of women.This is the main reason their participation is thoughtless and men dominate the sports fans wants. Gender inequality in sports has invariably been a growing problem up until June 23, 1973 when President Nixon signed backing IX. This law was a huge victory for women i n the fight for equality in sports. The law prohi moments sex discrimination in any education chopine or action at law within any institution any type of Federal financial assistance, according to Duffy. This was womens first chance to gain profound equality in sports.Women didnt just get equality from this law, but they also got opportunity for equality. This law addressed the historical discrimination women have go roughly ever since the beginning of the Olympics first came about in 776 B. C. There is no womens professional football game team or any kind of football league for women. Men are not interested in watching women play the types of sports that men are always going to be better at. The only exception is womens football where they play wearing lingerie its sick how society works like that.The NBA is in a lock out as this paper is being typed. You can see the progress on the intelligence agency every day. If the WNBA were to be in a lockout, the chances of it being o n the news every day is highly unlikely. There are in fact sports that women are becoming more popular in like golf, gymnastics, figure skating, volleyball, and tennis. These sports accompaniment the shape of a womans body. Also, figure skating, volleyball, and gymnastics are sports the women are especially better at due to their elegant figures and different prepare structure.The stars of these sports are portrayed as sexy, curvy, graceful, and radiant. Men who are famous with sports like basketball, football, baseball, and soccer are known to be strong, dominant, and masculine. The thought was that if women participated in strenuous activity that they would damage their reproductive organs, which would ultimately not fulfill an absurd belief that the primary role of women in society was to have children and care for the men, heard from the thoughts of Murphy. Women in society in general are the face of modeling and sexy images.Commercials, advertisements, and every day televisi on programs have sexy women posing with whatever it is they are trying to sell. This works the same way with them in sports. Sports Illustrated Swimsuit Edition has a whole lot of sexy women posing in skimpy swimwear. That goes the same for the sports theyre involved in that are popular. For these reasons, women dominate those sports which lead to their popularity when it came to people watching them. Theres always the stereotype that women are lesbians or dikes for playing sports that require adequate physical strength and endurance.For instance, bodybuilding has always been a mans sport. Women are always thought to be feminine and when you see a woman who is at least twice your size judgments go through the roof not only with the judges, but with the audience as well. In Jennifer Banas topic of Women Athletes in Male Dominated Sports, she speaks her mind when saying, Now, the contestants should be judged on muscle tone of the body right. Wrong. In order to define which women has the best and most well defined body, the judges feel compelled to define body in relation to women. Recalling a time there was a girl at my centenarian high school that graduated and went on to join a volleyball team at a college. After her first visit home, she was utterly cross to find her peers had started a rumor about her that she was a lesbian and thats why she joined the team in the first place. It broke her heart to get that type of support, or lack thereof, from the people she grew up with who fully knew she was never a lesbian. Football is another example of this. If a woman decides she wants to become a football player, she should not have to worry about what her peers are going to say or think about her.She shouldnt have to worry about being called those names like lesbian and dike if she wants to be a football player. When it comes to being in these competitions with lady football players, the judgments are a bit skewed and distorted due to the fact that men are typic ally associated with strong and large muscles. So when spectators have to look at a womanly figure, that has the typical aspects of a males figure, it can be a little confusing. The assumptions and discrimination still goes on to this day even if there is a law prohibiting it.It has been an issue since sports were first celebrated on a large scale in Greece 776 B. C. Although society is slowly but surely progressing towards a more open-minded view when it comes to sports, there is always going to be a gap when it comes to overall crowd appeal. Mens sports are more evoke to watch simply due to the fact that they are better, faster, stronger, and intense. It all boils down to the money, and mens sports generate more money. For these reasons gender inequality will always be a persisting problem in sports. Work Citied Page Duffy, Felice M. (2000). Twenty-seven years post title ix.http//heinonline. org/http//serendip. brynmawr. edu/ topical anaesthetic/scisoc/sports02/papers/emurphy. h tml http//www. therichest. org/sports/forbes-highest-paid-female-athletes/http//serendip. brynmawr. edu/local/scisoc/sports02/papers/jbanas. html

Food Cart Starting Mobile Catering Business Marketing Essay

Food baby-walker Starting Mobile ply Business Marketing EssayMobile supply subscriber line has become a ubiquitous feature of urbanization in many countries around the world. Countries such as the UK ar a classic example of the popularity of this business, and a number of mobile catering vans set up be spotted at the busy destinations of London and other cities.The good part about this business is that near anyone with a staple knowledge and experience of food catering services may enter this business. It does not require much financial investment to pop out this business. At the same time, this business offers enough flexibility for the entrepreneur to scale up the place setting of business along with the rise in market demand. in the first place going ahead with the steps of setting up the mobile catering business, it is important to understand what kind of vehicles can be used for this business.Food Cart Starting Mobile Catering BusinessA food cart is a sort of trailer th at has no motorized operation. It has to be manually hauled to the denominate of sale. commonly, such food carts operate in public sweeps such as parks, picnic spots, or busy sidewalks. Such carts normally maintain an automated rut or refrigerating equipment to keep the food absolutely ready to serve instantly. Mostly such carts sell snacks, breakfast items, or desserts such as field glass wefts.Catering Van Starting Mobile Catering BusinessA catering van is generally a motorized vehicle that can be moved from one place to another easily. It sells a substantially steeper volume of food than a food cart, and caters to a bigger clientele. Ice cream vans are a common example of such catering vans in the UK. Their immense popularity among the customers has made mobile catering business into a highly profitable business opportunity for many new entrepreneurs.Food Truck Starting Mobile Catering BusinessA food truck is a large vehicle converted into a mobile kitchen with a commerc ial built-in grill, a deep fryer, freezer, and other automated cooking gadgets. Due to the better useableness of space and more equipment, this vehicle is able to offer a larger variety of food items to the customers, and manage larger volumes with efficiency. Fish and Chip vans in the UK are a good example of such food trucks.Concession Trailer Starting Mobile Catering BusinessA concession trailer is not much different from a mobile kitchen, except that it is a stationary vehicle. Therefore, such trailers are ideally suited for large public events such as fairs and community celebrations where a large number of people are expected to converge over a period of few days consecutively. Such trailers leave to the facilities and atmosphere of the event, providing the visitors with plenty of opportunities to enjoy different types of food at low cost.Anyone can launch a mobile catering business successfully, if one follows these basic steps to set up the businessStep 1 Setting up the kit chen quicknessThe first step in this business is to decide whether the kitchen facility will be set up within the mobile van unit, or at another location. If the business owner decides to use his own foot kitchen to prepare the food, it is important to obtain the approval of the topical anesthetic regulatory authorities in advance. Only after the conditions of the local law have been satisfied, the commercial kitchen can be operated out of home. Setting up the commercial kitchen may have to include separate provision for storage and refrigerating facility, dish-washing equipment, sufficient surface area for cooking, and larger size of cooking equipment.Step 2 Deciding the menu and the pricingA crucial part of the mobile catering business homework is to choose the menu, and decide the right pricing. This is the most sensitive business decision that may influence the destiny of the business over a period of time. A basic market survey and research can help to understand the local taste and preferences of food, and to identify the potential food items that are in high demand which is waiting to be satisfied. Similarly, the pricing must also be decided carefully to ensure that it competes successfully with other market players, and makes a sensitive profit margin for the business owner at the same time.Step 3 Organizing the mobile catering vehicleThere are various options for vehicles available before the entrepreneur in a city like London or other cities within the UK. The choice of vehicle enumerates upon the ready availability of a vehicle, or the personal preference of the entrepreneur, and also keeping in mind the available financial budget for the business. The size of vehicle will also depend upon the scale of the business that the entrepreneur has planned. The heating, refrigerating, storage and preservation equipment within the vehicle will depend upon the kind of menu that has been decided for the mobile catering business. A fully functional kitche n may also be organized within the vehicle, depending upon the business plan of the owner.Step 4 Advertising and Marketing the Mobile Catering BusinessIn the times of stiff competition, even a seemingly simple business such as mobile catering also cannot cede to ignore the importance of advertising and marketing. The menu of the business can be designed in such a way that it also serves as a brochure and advertisement for the business. Special brochures to advertise the business may also be printed and distributed to the local commercial establishments in the area to attract the potential office-goers to digest the business. The mobile van itself can serve as the biggest advertisement for the business. The branding and slogan of the business must be displayed prominently and creatively on the vehicle. Usually the mobile vans in the UK and other countries can be seen parked in major locations where they can have high visibility for the local traffic in the area. Therefore, maximum advantage must be drawn by advertising on the mobile vehicle.Another key idea for many mobile catering business operators who are looking for alternative places to establish their kitchen can be to rent space at a local restaurant or a local church or hall. Such places do not normally use their commercial kitchens in the early morning hours, and many of them are quick to rent out their kitchens by the hour. This opportunity can be available by the mobile caterer who can make long-term tie-up with a local restaurant or other commercial kitchen, and use their facilities in the early morning hours to make his food ready for the day.With these innovative steps, it is possible to set up the mobile catering business successfully with a low investment. Over a period of time, as the business grows, the entrepreneur can expand the scope of the business by adding more facilities and more vehicles for the business.

Sun Zi Art Of War And The Organization Marketing Essay

solarize Zi invention Of war And The shaping Marketing Essay fair weather Zis famous Chinese literature isThe device of War,the oldest existing multitude piece in the world and often considered as the best unitary. This book has age of over 2400 years old and proves that the tactics use for successful contendf atomic number 18 and sop up not changed over clipping. It is a rather short book of approximately 6000 Chinese characters that backed the principles of human behavior and rules of conduct for military leaders. It is divide into thirteen chapters, with each chapter treating a different topic, much(prenominal) as attacking with fire, the nine battlegrounds and so on.The Art of Warhas been practiced for thousands of years by the Chinese and it provide continue to be. This book has widely influenced on Chinese and Japanese military for many an(prenominal) years. For example, it was the source for Mao Tse-tungs st setgies and tactics on rural of China. after that, The Art of Warhas been popular in the West as well the in the early twentieth century due to the translation of English version. Until now, the strategies and principles argon using widely in work worldwide as well.The main idea ofThe Art of Waris effective military strategy. Sun Zi emphasizes the importance of fel busted feeling the current situation before engaging in warfargon. The tactics that he used vary on every war. He thought that the result of the war pass on be either the survival or the destruction of the nation. Every step must be well designed and all depend on the advantages of the citizens. All warf be is based on the belief that to be victorious you must thoroughly lie with yourself and your enemy, deception, adaption of the current conditions, the leadership of the general and uses of spies. Although specific war prison term situations are sometimes menti angiotensin-converting enzymed in the book, they are treated generally. For example, Sun Zi discusses tactics to reach the war rather than the annals of him in winning the war. This is how The Art of War running(a) in many different situations.1. 2 INTRODUCTION OF TOSHIBA COMPANYToshiba Corporation is maven of Japans oldest and largest producers of consumer and industrial electric returnions. The caller-up alike ranks as the worlds largest manufacturer of dram (dynamic random access memory) computer chips. Toshiba, a family of over 200 consolidated and affiliated headachees, is one of Japans second-tierkeiretsuor conglomerates. These corporate concourses are linked through history and tradition, as well as cross-shareholdings, interlocking directorates, and personal contacts. With a history that dates back to the nineteenth century and a product line that extends from semiconductors to nuclear powerfulness plants, Toshiba has played an active role in Japans rise to the forefront of international bank line.Toshiba was formed through the 1939 union of both manufacturers of electr ical equipment, Shibaura Seisakusho Works and Tokyo electric Company, Ltd. While Toshiba Malaysia was founded on 19 April 1977, it gives us high timbre of audio visual and home appliances products. The audio visual products include LCD TVs, plasma TVs, twist CRT TVs, DVD players and HD-DVD players while the home appliances products include refrigerators, washing machines, rice cookers and electric pots.Toshiba Malaysia provides us with the leading technologically innovative products such as Meta genius Pro technology. At the meantime, they provide us product with excellence functionality, reliability, durability and environmentally friendly features as outlined in their basic commitment, commit to People, Committed to the Future. In year 2006, Toshiba was awarded Gold Award by Reader Digest Malaysia for cosmos the trusted brand in 2 categories, LCD TVs and washing machines.speedy economic growth in exploitation countries and sluggish growth in the developed world have led to major changes in economic and industrial paradigms in the 21st century. To succeed in crowded global competition transcending national b inns, Toshiba continues to focus on restructuring businesses to reinforce their earnings base while want to transform its overall business structure by targeting growth sectors and emerging businesses. The aim is to stimulate an even stronger global contender by pursuing the soaking up and selection approach while creating world- startle and world No. 1 products and services that are cost-competitive and captivate nodes.2. CONTENTS2. 1 CHAPTER 3 STRATEGIC ATTACKSFrom Chapter 3 in Sun Zis Art of War, Sun Zi stated that He who knows the opposite side (the enemy) and knows himself entrusting not be defeated in a hundred battles.Organization should know their strength and focus on their strength in order to win in the competition. At the same time, they should try to exploit competitors weakness and strength. most principle must keep in mind ar e to yield the enemy does not use hard attack and to conquer other nation does not use prolonged strategy. The principle to win in the battle is based on well-planned strategies and the understanding of our enemy. By direct attack on competitors weakness, it helps the shaping to win the battle without causing injuries. For example, Malaysia Airlines ticket is pricy and this becomes a weakness for them. Air Asia uses this weakness and provides low fare to people. As a result, Air Asia is adapted to attract lots of people to purchase their ticket instead of Malaysia Airline. Besides, Air Asia also promotes a 10 cent Air Fare to compete Malaysia Airlines low fare promotion. In competitive market, every government is facing uncertainty that nobody will always be a winner. They have to stay flexible to creates a erupt life bout.Capturing an entire section intact is a better strategy destroying it is a weaker option.The above statement by Sun Zi, manner that before entering to a refreshing market, local culture need to be understand first. The customer needs then need to be analyzed. These two factors are crucial success factors for organization. Meanwhile, the origin elements are maintained there. Besides, organization need to know own core value in the market so that they nooky enter the market successfully. For example, KFC which is the largest fast-food chain in Malaysia and Brunei, serving world famous Original Recipe fried chicken which contains secret blend of 11 herbs and spices. Apart from serving finger-licking good food, KFC continuously aim for high quality and are committed to interpret food safety by stringent fancy to maintain our standards.Sun Zi said He who is able to unite himself with his officers and men as one mind, spirit and purpose will win.The above statement is one of the ways to predict victories. This simply means that the company and all its employees need to be united in order to achieve their mission and vision. For exampl e, Coca-cola company, which is the worlds largest beverage company and also the No.1 provider of sparkling beverages, ready-to-drink coffees, and juices. With an enduring environment to building sustainable communities, Coca Cola is focused on initiatives that reduce our environmental footprint, create a safe, inclusive work environment for their associates and enhance the economic information of the communities. The Coca-Cola Company is committed to upholding fundamental principles of international human and workplace rights everywhere they do business.2. 2 CHAPTER 4 DISPOSITION OF THE ARMYThroughout our inquiry and findings, there are some theories from Chapter 4 in Sun Zis Art of War are utilize by different organizations. Hence the c at oncept resembling the need to build an invincible defense as a deterrent against any overly would-be(prenominal) enemy is related in business strategies.Sun Zi said In ancient times, those who were skilful in warfare ensured that they would not be defeated and when waited for opportunities to tarnish the enemy.The statement above which applied in business world simply means that to enhance our strength and be able to change and adapt to changing market nowadays. This is especially for the leader or top trouble who must have a prediction on future market purport so that organization preserve grow and control the market only if the implementation is in the right timing. Future development and advancement are the most weighty elements to let organization grow. For example, Apple Inc which has launched a few products in the market such as i-Phone, i-Pod and i-Pad. Apple Inc did very well in enhancing their strength in the market which not comely take overing the market trend, Apple Inc creating the trend which brings growth and internet to the organization.Those who are skilful in warfare can ensure that they will not be defeated by the enemy, but will not be able to ensure victory over the enemy.In business appl ication, all products have their own life cycle. Moreover, creative, innovative and continuous improvement enable origin product to continue its life span and sales. This indicates that old products will eventually be replaced. A firm must do some innovative changes on existing product to extend the product life cycle and increase number of customers. McDonalds did this by keep updating its menu. After a certain period, it will come out with new products and this attracts existing and new consumers too. The seasonal worker products such as Prosperity Burger that introduced during Chinese New Year only and Grilled Chicken Burger (GCB) that sold for delimitateed period were the innovations of McDonalds.As stated by Sun Zi, Those who cannot win must defend those who can win must attack. Defend when ones forces are inadequate attack when ones forces are abundant.This stresses on the importance in taking initiative to prepare ourselves in battles. Those who cannot win must prepare their defense while those who are capable of winning must strike first. In this case, Digi has to come out with various pricing strategy to compete with the other telecommunication companies included Celcom and Maxis. Thus Digi came out with price strategies in which new plans such as the latest Easy plan that allow users to send SMS and make free calls to three of his or her friends which make Digi Easy plan more showy compare to other telecommunication companies. Hence, Digi will be able to compete and gain their market whenever a telecommunication company provides a cut back rate services.2. 3 CHAPTER 7 MILITARY MANOEUVRESSun Zi states that An army without qualified food and grain will die.This quote in business perspective means that profit as a food and grain which is the most important for the organization to go away. If an organization cannot obtain good profit and income, it will be difficult to survive in the market for long period of time. Since the capital is the basic co ndition to start a business, the organizer should be ensured that the financial rolling is sufficient in order to operate their business and to use in urgent moment. If the organizer doesnt have the sufficient back up of capital to support the business, the organization may face divulgecy situation or merge with other organization. For example, Lehman Brothers Holdings was a global financial services firm and was the fourth largest investment bank in the USA before declaring bankruptcy in 2008. The businesses of the organization included investment banking, equity and fixed-income sales and trading, investment management, private equity and private banking. However, the organization went bankrupt in 2008 due to the subprime mortgage crisis.In addition, malfeasance and short-selling allegations also cause the organization went bankrupt. The organization already had the financial problem initially but the addition problems have happened one after another. Eventually, the organizatio n did not have sufficient capital to cover the problems. Hence, the organization forced to declare bankruptcy in 2008 and some businesses of the organization forced to sell to other organizations such as Barclays. In summary, money is the most important property for the organization to operate, maintain the business and help to cover some financial problems sometimes.3. DISCUSSIONS3. 1 CHAPTHER 1 DETIALED ASSESSMENT AND PLANNINGSun Zi said The conduct of war is a matter of vital importance to the nation.It is a matter of life and death to the country, the people and the ruler. It is a road either to prosperity or to being destroyed. Therefore, it is a subject which must not be neglected. Initial planning and assessment are essential.There are five constant factors to consider, namely, moral influence, the weather, terrain, generalship and doctrine and law. Compare with those of the enemy. Then one will get a clearer view of the situation and assess ones chances of victory.Moral infl uence means policies which will make the people fiercely loyal to the ruler. They will follow him even to death. Weather refers to the contrasting changes of day and night and the four seasons of the battleground. Terrain assesses the route and its condition whether it is far, dangerous with open ground or with narrow passes. The ground can determine defeat or victory. Generalship of a commander refers to his qualities of wisdom, sincerity, benevolence, courage and discipline. Doctrine and law refer to army organization and control. This is to ensure that roads are maintained in order that supplies may reach the army and military expenditure is controlled.There are also seven other considerations to compare with the enemy. This can determine the outcome of the war .They are (1) the moral influence of the ruler over his subjects (2) the capability of the generals (3) better ability to take advantage of weather and terrain (4) who has better effective and efficient execution of orders (5) whose army is better equipped and larger (6) the training level of the army (7) the administration of rewards and punishment.The final strategy is to pretend in order to deceive the enemy. Attack when he is least prepared. Plan well before attacking. If the odds are highly against you, wait for another time.Similarly in business, in order to succeed, the company has to consider the following factors (1) the ability of the employer to motivate everyone to work towards the companys goals (2) the capabilities of the managers to lead the team (3) the ability to adapt to government regulations and market conditions (4) whether the business systems of the company can be improved so that there will be increased efficiency (5) the technology available to the staff in order to improve productivity (6)the training given to staff and their level of skills acquired (7) the administration of rewards and punishment.3. 2 CHAPTER 5 FORCESWhen forces are concentrated to attack the enemy, it mus t be like solid stones hurled against eggs.This quotation is applying the principle of using strengths to strike weaknesses. Firstly, creative and innovation is one of the important principles to compete with competitors in the same market. For instance, there are many challenge and competitive in the market of electronic devices such as Toshiba, Sony, Mitsubishi and so on. However, Toshiba is more innovative and spend more time in research and develop the technologies. As a result, a lot of new technologies that were the first in the world or the first in Japan such as the first Japanese word processor, the first 3D LCD TV which not requiring dedicated glasses in the world, etc.Secondly, the organization should change their form, culture, structure, product base or others when there are any changes happen. For instance, Toshiba pioneered the development of electrical equipment in Japan. However, the organization entered new fields which are medical equipment and radio devices when the bang-up Kanto Earthquake of 1923 happened. Many employees of the organization were lost in this earthquake. Therefore, the vice-president of the organization decided to start new field.Thirdly, changes have to follow the trend. If an organization can create the trend, the hazard to win will be high. For example, more and more multimedia such as movie requires 3D effect nowadays. Hence, Toshiba invents the first 3D LCD TV which not requiring dedicated glasses in the world. Other competitors such as Sony also manufacture the 3D LCD TV to occupy the market. In summary, Toshiba creates the trend of 3D LCD TV and win the market due to the requiring dedicated glasses would not be worn.Lastly, the organizations have to analyze their strength and weaknesses all the time when compete with others. For instance, Toshiba has established the corporate research and development center to improve production technology maintain high qualities and creates new products. The corporate research an d development center can analyze the strength and weaknesses of the organization in order to manufacture higher quality products and hence the products of the organization can be competed with other organizations in the intense market. As a result, higher profits can be obtained by the organization.3. 3 CHAPTHER 6 WEAKNESSES AND STRENGTHSToshiba applied the many theories from Sun Zis Art of War in implementing and deploying its business strategies which similar to our business world today. Our business world today is in a changing environment. Sun Zis Art of War helps the organization adapts in uncertainty and changing environment. Therefore, we have identified few theories from Sun Zis Art of War that can be applied by Toshiba into their business.Firstly, in Chapter 6 of the Art of War, Sun Zi provides some very interesting and fascinating concepts that are relevant in business world. For example, concepts like first agent advantage, to impose rather than be dictated, to achieve relative superiority, to be flexible and to manage change and uncertainty. In addition, Sun Zi also explains how your opportunities come from the openings in the environment caused by the relative weakness of your competitors in a given area.Sun Zi said Those who arrive first at the battleground will have sufficient time to rest and prepare against the enemy and Those who arrive late at the battleground will have to rush into battle when they are already exhausted.According to the quotation above, Sun Zi has leveled out the meaning of early bird get the first worm. In business world, it can be meant by it is better to be first than it is to be better. In current market, there is no more battle for the product but the perceptions of product. Besides, the timing of launching a product is important. By being the first to enter the market a product or service, a firm may need to capture greatest market share. Toshiba created the first mover category when its company produced Japans fir st electric fan, refrigerators, washing machines, electric vacuum cleaner and electric rice cookers. This allows Toshiba to strengthen their position in this market and cover up the competitions from competitors after that. Being the worlds 9th largest integrated manufacturer of electric and electronic equipment, Toshiba already have support from their loyal customers and they are already well known when their rival enter this market.Superiority or strength in number means that enemy will have to prepare against you.This statement stated by Sun Zi means that by having large forces or allies working together with us, our enemy will have fear. In business world, the more partners we have in the business means that the more stable we are in the marketplace. Hence, our competitors will have to prepare a lot of strategies in order to defeat us or to replace our place in the market. Therefore, it is always better to form partners with other company into becoming partner and not afraid in competing with completers in business world. So, it is clear that why Yahoo announced a brand new partnership withToshibato feature Yahoo Connected TV on some(prenominal) models of Toshibas latest 46-55 HDTVs. This is because with Toshiba, users can enjoy Yahoo Connected TV on TVs.Sun Zi said Thus, the expert in offence attacks places where the enemy does not know how to defend. and The expert in defence protects places where the enemy does not know how to attack.In business world, we always set for highly innovation to create the marketing advantages. We just continue produce products which are strengthen and will gain profit in the market, but have to do some innovation or improvement on it in order to enhance its position in the market. For low profile products, we may make some changes and let it enter a new market but must in a niche market. Hence the concept we should keep in mind is that we should understand very well virtually our competitors product strength and weakne ss so that we can attack accordingly to survive in competitive business world. As well as developing pioneering technology for its own products, Toshiba invented the DVD, the TFT screen and the lithium ion battery in addition to designing the graphics processor for the Sony Playstation II.The launch of the Qosmio series in 2004 saw Toshiba demonstrating once again its position as a market innovator. Toshiba embraced the market for digitally converged products for home and personal entertainment, by launching the first notebook to offer instant-on TV/DVD functionality.4. RECOMMENDATIONSToshiba as nations one of the leading companies in manufacturer of computer and accessories, electrical appliances, electrics and electronics held the responsibility to continuously serve the customers and cater their needs and demands that grows over a period of time. This is necessary for Toshiba to emerge as the top manufacturer in the country and to outlast many competitors in the market. The quali ty exist should not limit to the products produced but must extend to the services provided. Such practicing will ensure Toshiba is recognized being capable of inventing valued products and offering the best services which others and to make available. Therefore, to achieve such objective in the future, Toshiba needs to make consideration on the issue that required some improvement where necessary. The following are few suggestions which Toshiba can implement.To start with, Toshiba might introduce a detailed job assessment and evaluation. The evaluation must comprise in term of product manufacture and services.Sun Zi said To manage a large force is similar to managing a small force.It is a matter of organization and structure.A group consist of a leader and few members can be assigned to the departments exist in the company to assess the employees performances. The team should not only reconnoiter on the way they carry out their job but at the same time, list the problems and chal lenges that the employees encounter while performing their job. If the trouble discovered is with the working environment, equipment or system, then the team should report to the unit responsible to solve the issue raised to the ground. However, if the problem is rise from the employee itself, whether the particular employee is lack of skills and training or is not competence enough for the job, then a replacement or further training is necessary. Through this approach, the company is able to deal any management issues effectively in relatively shorter time.One of the important aspects of business is the customer. As manufacture of electrical related goods, Toshibas job does not end at point of selling the products to the customer, but the real job begins when customer need the assistants of the manufacturer. So, to shorten the gap between the customer and the manufacturer, Toshiba probably can organize a session with customers in many regions yet more frequently. This session is e xpected to take place in any events such as electrical plumb, PC fair or independently organized Toshiba fair. This session is aimed to listen to the customers complaints, products reviews, expectations, suggestions and feedbacks. This creates a better understanding between the customer and the company, the appointed staff able to hear from the customer itself, which later can be redirected to the company for better outcome.According to Sun Zi, An army without sufficient stockpiles and reserves will not survive.The organization culture is also an asset or a weapon to compete in the market. Customers always TRUST the big company which have good reputation and corporate culture. ad is very crucial for the information and the message to reach the intended customers. In Sun Zis Art of War, Communicating ground refers to markets that are equally accessible to both of you and your competitor. There are no natural barriers to entry and it is not difficult to get the consumers attention as they are not committed to any one product. Therefore, definite advertising strategies are needed to market the goods or the services. Toshiba may have utilized all known methods to publicize, from pamphlets to online advertisements but that does not guarantees the information has reached to and comprehends by everyone. So to maximize the spread of the info, the company may come up with advertisement in different languages, widely from printed materials to online sources. Those who are unaware of Toshibas products and services will now have a brief news and latest update about the company.Those who are skillful in warfare can ensure that they will not be defeated by the enemy, but will not be able to ensure victory over the enemy.This is Sun Zis quote from the Sun Zis Art of War which simply means those who understand and recognize their own as well as their competitors strength and weakness will not start out a lost or bankruptcy. Once any feedback from customers is received, the company can review it to find out any flaws or weakness in their products or services right away. Once the defect is indentified, immediate action must exercise to tackle the issue. Next, improving on own weakness is not sufficient to stay longer in the market but identify others flaw and work on it, will secure a stable position on the long run. If Toshiba is the first to solve the flaw in other competitors product in term of structure, design, capability and function, then Toshiba will be noticed and become word of mouth that indirectly advertise Toshiba.5. CONCLUSIONThis assignment helps us to emphasize on application of The Art of War in today business war. The studies of Sun Zi have proved to be useful until today since many companies applied the theories from the Sun Zi Art of War in their management. For instance, different strategies can be used by the company to beat their competitors in the niche market. Sun Zi Art of war is important because it helps organization to adapt in changing and we need to be flexible to changes in order to survive. Besides, we have to take suitable actions so that we can adapt the environment because inappropriate actions can lead us to failure.Through this assignment, there are several key success factors of Toshiba Company. First of all, innovative of Toshiba invented wide range of products such electrical applicants, computers, TV and more that win the customers long term supports. As Toshiba scope of services and products can offer many varieties so they are able to dominate different ventures in the market. Also, Toshiba are leading the market for years because of good management skill and strong structure of the company. Well communication between the top level management and lower manage including the first line staff enable them to be clear about their missions and visions of the company. This will stimulate passionate behavior of the staffs in their working life.Furthermore, the quality of the products is also one of the key factors of success in Toshiba Company. Toshiba has invested resources on research and development that gives improvement on their current products and technologies accordingly. So, Toshiba could not be easily attacked by competitors and always ahead of them. Committed to People, Committed to the Future, is one of the slogan of the company. This shows that they emphasize on the services to the customer which meet the customer needs.As a conclusion, Toshiba is one of the leading manufacturers in Malaysia. They offer variety of high technology of products to satisfy customers need in a more convenient way. Moreover, Toshiba Company implements Sun Zi Art of War strategies to make its management more effective and efficient. Thus, Sun Zi Art of War is very useful in todays business world to success.

Bioterrorism Threat Weapons

Bioterrorism panic WeaponsBioterrorism is a real threat to our country. Its a threat to every landed estate that loves freedom. Terrorist groups seek biologic weapons we spang somewhat rogue states already have them.Its important that we confront these real threats to our country and prep atomic number 18 for future emergencies. -President George W. Bush June 12, 2002Biological weapons argon sensation of the biggest threats we case today. They ar potenti solelyy as deadly as nuclear weapons and put forward leave an area contaminated for weeks. Despite this however, the threat of biologic weapons does non search to be a major priority of our certain administration. T here seems to be a signifi batcht rush to implement counter-terrorism policies that focus on much schematic means of bams and more specific every last(predicate)y those attacks that we have already experienced. Consequently, we see much improvement in the screening of air limit passengers and the regulation of traditional explosives, barely no further regulation of biological weapons, dispersion arrangings, or the implementation of better response procedures. Therefore, more should be with with(p) to pr slip biological attacks and place our nation to respond in the event there is one.According to the Terrorism Knowledge Base, since nineteen sixty eight there have been a total of xiii incidents involving biological weapons with forty-six injuries, and six fatalities. Of these thirteen incidents, nine of them have taken vex in the United States, with all(a)(a) of the injuries, and five come in of six of the deaths all taking place in the United States as well. If these statistics are examined in a general sense and in comparison to some other weapons used in terrorists attacks (bombs, fire, firearms, etc) then the trend of biological terrorism does non seem very important. However, the reality is that the more technologically advanced we become globally, the more efficient bio logical weapons and their dispersion systems become, and the greater the threat is for an attack. We are currently in an age where scientific discovery, and advances in biology are put us at fortune for an attack from a terrorist group, or even an individual with access code to biological weapons and a grudge.In order to repair our current system, revision of our current policies mustiness be done, as well as beingness of new policies and procedures to mitigate the threat. This paper will provide information on our current policies, how the problems with tabu current policies can be fixed, and a jeopardyiness assessment of the Brazos vale with specific emphasis on the Texas AM University System.Current PoliciesThe following are the policies that have been develop in response to the threat of biological weapons. All polices regarding biological weapons should have two parts prevention of a biological weapon attack, and response afterwards a biological attack. period apiec e is important on its own, together they make a comprehensive object to create policies around. Before any suggestions can be made, however, our current policies must be existn and judged against the threat we currently face.There are three main policies and plans c erstwhilerning biological weapons that have come from the vacuous House. They are fatherland auspices presidential directing 10, Homeland Security Presidential Directive 21, and Project Bioshield. Together these are designed to provide us with maximum protection and response in the case of a biological threat.Homeland Security Presidential Directive 10 (Biodefense for the 21st Century)Homeland Security Presidential Directive 10 has four major coatings as outlined by the lily-white House threat awareness, prevention and protection, surveillance and detection, and response and recovery. distri aloneively of these is an integral part of the overall plan.Threat AwarenessIn order for our governing to prepare for a b iological attack, we must know the nature of the threat. This is where the Threat Awareness editorial comes into play. This pillar seeks to provide our government with the ability to use technology and intelligence to provide the close to realistic appraisal of our current threat. The excogitation of threat awareness allows us to create useful policies specially designed around our current threat. There are three totals components of the threat awareness pillar biological warfare related intelligence, assessments, and anticipation of future threats.Biological warfare related intelligence is the name given to the cognitive process of using the intelligence participation ( important Intelligence Agency, National Security Agency, and others) to gather all information pertaining to biological weapons. This would involve overseas missions for intelligence gathering purposes, development of systems to analyze collected data, and the scattering of that data to all important parties. Biological warfare related intelligence also incorporates Red Teaming, a term indicating the team in a set exercise (similar to a war game) whose role is to simulate enemy tactics. Red Teaming sudors are used to understand new scientific trends that may be victimized by our adversaries to develop biological weapons and to help position intelligence collectors ahead of our problem. (www.whitehouse.gov)Assessments are the routine component of the threat awareness pillar. The Unites States requires a continuous, formal process for conducting routine capabilities assessments to guide prioritization of our on-going investments in biodefence-related enquiry, development, planning and preparedness. (www.whitehose.gov) The Department of Homeland Security will be made responsible for gathering information and production of hebdomadary assessments and making recommendations of division of resources based on the assessment.The anticipation of future threats component asserts that the i nvite to stay current with existing technology is of great importance. It enables the government the government to anticipate and prepare for the emergence of new threats (www.whitehouse.gov). How these assessments are to be done and what only is to be included in them, is not stated in the White Houses version of Homeland Security Presidential Directive ten however.Prevention and ProtectionThe number 1 component of the prevention and protection pillar is proactive prevention. As stated by the White House, preventing biological weapons attacks is by far the most cost- efficacious approach to biodefense. This will be come uponed by limiting access of biological agents and dispersal methods to countries, groups, or individuals seeking to develop, produce, and use these agents. (www.whitehouse.gov) This will be accomplished using integrity enforcement investigative techniques, diplomacy, and export controls. Agencies responsible for prevention are the Department of State, Departme nt of Defense, Department of Justice, and the intelligence community, but specific duties are not given.The second component of prevention and protection is critical infrastructure protection. The directing explains that protection of critical infrastructure, especially in the case of those that would be important after an attack ( state-supported wellness, food, water, energy, agriculture, transportation, etc.) should be protected. Once again, details as to how this is to be done are not given, only that it should be done.Surveillance and DetectionThe first component of the surveillance and detection pillar is attack warning. This would involve the development of an attack warning system, similar to severe weather warning systems, which rapidly recognizes and characterizes the dispersal of biological agents. The logic behind this component of surveillance and detection is that an efficient and effective response can be mounted to counter the threat if the biological agent used in an attack is able to be detected and characterized earlier.The second component of surveillance and detection is attribution. The ability to attribute an attack to a particular country, group, or individual can help authorities to deter attacks with the betoken of severe repercussions to the group or country that perpetrates the attack. The recently created National Bioforensic Analysis Center of the National Biodefense Analysis and Countermeasure Center is responsible for the analysis of the biological agent, and interpretation of data to determine responsibility. This concept has been tried for lesser crimes (three-strike laws) with varied degrees of success. response and recoveryThe components of the response and recovery attack are numerous. But this is requisite as the response after an attack is a huge intricate undertaking. This part of the Directive 10 is composed of response planning, mass casualty carry on, risk communication, checkup countermeasure development, and decontamination.Response planning is the most important part of the response and recovery pillar. Without a reasonable plan of attack, nothing can be accomplished. try of this idea can be seen in the days and weeks following Hurricane Katrina, when recovery efforts were mishandled by national Emergency Management Agency due in monstrous part to ill-preparedness. As a part of this component, the plans are also to be tested regularly at the local, state, and federal level. Mass casualty care, decontamination, and medical countermeasure all go together in preventing loss of life after an attack. In order for all of these to occur, there needs to be funding in areas of research pertaining to countermeasures of biological agents, and also funding in the public wellness arena much(prenominal) that all medical facilities are adequately prepared to handle such an event. This includes stocking medical facilities with countermeasures and keeping them abreast of terrorism activities via a communication electronic net pee.Homeland Security Presidential Directive 21Released October two-thousand seven, Homeland Security Presidential Directive twenty-one in a much more comprehensive version of the response and recover pillar of Homeland Security Presidential Directive ten. It delves into exactly how we go about preparing for the aftermath of a biological attack. The five major priorities / goals when considering preparedness are preparedness for all authorisation catastrophic health events straight and horizontal coordination across levels of government, jurisdictions and disciplines a regional approach to health preparedness engagement of the private sector, academia, and other nongovernmental entities in preparedness and response efforts and the important roles of individuals, families, and communities. To accomplish these priorities, Homeland Security Presidential Directive twenty-one outlines several actions that must be implemented to mount a successful response to a biological attack. These are mostly the same as those mentioned in Homeland Security Presidential Directive ten however, the greatest difference is in the case of Homeland Security Presidential Directive twenty-one, deadlines are established as to when these should be done.BiosurveillanceBiosurveillance calls for the establishment of a national epidemiological surveillance system for human health. This would entail an electronic network linking federal, state and local public health assets. This system would also have to protect patient privacy, while giving access to those medical professionals most likely to come into contact with the agents. This network would also include keeping health professionals abreast in what to look for in the way of symptoms. The deadline for this goal was one-hundred eighty days, but only required meetings to examine progress.Countermeasure stockpiling and distributionCountermeasure stockpiling and distribution calls for the creation of a plan to amass a tag on of common countermeasures including antibiotics, anti-virals and others. The countermeasure stockpiling and distribution section of the directive mandates that a template or plan for these efforts would be created within nine months of its release date, but once again, does not explain exactly how anything is to be done, only that it should be within nine months.Mass Casualty CareThrough a joint effort amid the Secretaries of Health and Human Services, Defense, Veteran Affairs, and Homeland Security, experts at the state, federal and private levels are to provide feedback on high-priority gaps in mass casualty care capabilities. After this event, there is to be an analysis of the information in order to build a plan for mass casualty care after a biological attack. This plan would call for changes in out public health system specifically geared towards biodefense, and not towards improving our public health system as a whole.Community ResiliencePerhaps the most impo rtant component of Homeland Security presidential Directive 21, this section encourages engaging citizens in education and risk awareness in the area of biological weapons. Civic leaders, citizens and families are to be amend such that they are able to lessen some of the risk in their respective areas.Project BioshieldThe Project Bioshield Act of 2004 was signed on June 21, 2004 by current President George W. Bush. Project Bioshield deals specifically with the development and the procural of countermeasures from pharmaceutical companies. The signing of the Project Bioshield Act allowed for the production of seventy-five million doses of anthrax vaccines for stockpiling, production of botulinum antitoxin, and production of a safer smallpox toxin. Project Bioshield is not designed to fix all of our problems, but solve a big problem in the neediness of response resources.Problems with our current system and policiesOur current biological weapons policies consist mainly of Homeland Sec urity Presidential Directives ten and twenty-one and the Project Bioshield Act. Together, they represent the most comprehensive plan we have, but still transcend short of providing us with the protection and security from what President Bush describes as a real threat to our country. While our current system provides a unsloped foundation for a biological weapons defense indemnity, it has several major gaps. Our current policies display one major flaw in our biodefense plan we know what to do, but not how to accomplish it. In the summary of all three aspects of our biodefense policy, there is no detailed plan of how to repair the holes in our system. Also, in spite of being released in April two-thousand four, many a(prenominal) of the objective lenss seen Homeland Security Presidential Directive ten, are yet incomplete particularly in the case of the Response and Recovery objective. What this translates to is we are not following the plans we have set up to prevent and respon d to bioterrorism. In two-thousand one, approximately one-half a billion dollars w as spent on civilian biodefense. Every year since then, the spending has gone up with spending reaching approximately seven and one-half billion dollars. (Schuler 88) We are considerably further than we were in two-thousand one, but still significantly lacking in bio-terrorism security.There are only a few things we currently lack, but they are very important to our security. Firstly we lack a decent public health system. The elemental needs of bioterrorism preparedness remain the basic tasks of public health- identifying unusual disease events, their cause, and intervening to alleviate the situation (Avery 284) The federal government is attempting to pump more resources into a flawed system. Without a good public health system, any biodefense plan ultimately falls apart because our public health system is of utmost importance in response efforts.another(prenominal) big flaw in our system is the lack of talented people. Having great policies and resources but lacking talented employees to put them into practice is unacceptable. Federal agencies are losing potential employees to the private sector when the demand for defense talent will to continue rise by as much as twenty-five percent through the year two-thousand ten. (Partnership for Public Service 224) Policies cannot be put into action without talented people leading them. It is estimated that nearly half of the federal employees in occupations critical to out biodefense will be eligible to retire within the next five years. (Executive Summary 224).An additional significant error with our current system is lack of action. While our current policies are not perfect, they do provide a very good base plan. So why are we not where we need to be? The reason may be budget concerns, or biological weapons are less of a priority than they should be, but whatever the reason, creation of policies without putting them into action leav es us at risk. In Homeland Security Presidential Directive 21, it calls for public outreach and education to inform the general public as to the dangers of biological weapons, and how to reach in the case of the attack, but this has not been done. In Homeland Security Presidential Directive 10, a biosurveillance system is proposed to keep our public health facilities informed as to emerging threats and suspicious events in other parts of the country. While the directive was released in two-thousand four, this has not been accomplished.Proposed Biological Terrorism Prevention and Response PlanOur current policies and recent actions have provided us with a good foundation to build a solid biological weapons prevention and response plan on. However, in order to mitigate the threat more needs to be done. My plan has the potential to fill in most of the holes in our current policy / system. I propose several changes in out current system and policies. My proposed will emphasize all aspec ts of security (prevention and response). Our current public health seems to be the most important part of the equation, so this is where my biodefense plan will begin.Phase IIn order to mount an efficient response in the aftermath of an attack, we must have a well-organized public health system. This particular part of the plan would call for government-funded upgrades in public health facilities. As stated previously, an analysis of our current public health system shows that upgrading public health facilities for broad based-surveillance avoids the threat of tunnel vision that is inherent in the bioterrorism-specific approach. (Avery 285) Upgrades to our public health facilities should include larger stockpiles of antibiotics, anti-virals, and other countermeasures. According to Homeland Security Presidential Directive 21, few if any cities are presently able to meet the objective of dispensing countermeasures to their entire population within forty-eight hours after the decision to do so. These stockpiles should be large enough to aid in the response after most any disaster, and located in such places that they could be sent to affected areas within twenty-four hours. Proximity to a major metropolitan area should not be a concern in response efforts. This phase would also require coordination with biotechnology and pharmaceutical companies to coordinate and distribute supplies of counter-measures to several regions in each state. Other responsibilities of our current public health system include vaccination of general public. This would be improved beyond our current status.The next step in upgrading out public health system is personnel preparedness and education. Biological weapons can utilize some of the most deadly bacteria and viruses in the world. medical examination personnel should be trained in the recognition and treatment of the most deadly agents. This would necessitate training provided by the Center for Disease Control and other similarly c ompetent private sector facilities and professionals. While many biological agents present with peculiar symptoms, many present with flu-like symptoms and can be easily busted with other less lethal illnesses. All of this information needs to make its way to not only our medical doctors and nurses, but all those voluminous in public health.The last step of my public health plan is the creation of a centralized network available to all public health facilities. This network would be created and maintained by the federal government with the aid of such agencies as the Center for Disease Control and the National Institute of Health. This network / database would bounce back the progression of illnesses and symptoms throughout the country. It would also serve as a link between facilities. In the event of an attack in one part of the country, all facilities can be put on alert almost instantly. This could lead to significantly less deaths during the aftermath of an attack, and aid in the day to day operations of our countrys public health system.Phase IIHomeland Security Presidential Directive 10 is a general diagram for both prevention and response. While it outlines both aspects, it does not go into great detail as to how its plans are to be accomplished. The same can be said for Homeland Security Presidential Directive 21. Our major policies do not give a detailed picture of what out initial response plan is. We cannot organize a functional response if we do not possess a nation-wide incident response plan for a biological attack. So Phase II would be the creation of a thorough plan that is able to be utilized in all regions of the country. One standardized plan would alleviate any indecisiveness when deciding what to do for a specific region as well as make training much easier. With one standardized plan there is no question of what the local government is to do, everything is planned and only has to be executed.This plan would have three major goals defini ng federal authorisation after an attack, setup a timeline for when response efforts need to be completed, and provide a basis for training first responders and other charged with response. In the aftermath of an attack authority is invariably a concern. Because agencies often have different ideas on how response should proceed, authority needs to be defined before an attack ever happens. The two options for authority are federal and state with each having their advantages. Federal agencies have near limitless resources when compared to state agencies. They are usually able to procure and implement obligatory resources much faster. State agencies have the benefit of local knowledge. Local knowledge of a particular region and its working is an invaluable asset during times of disaster. Federal agencies cannot possibly all aspects of a particular region and thus this responsibility falls to the state government. State governments also the advantage of being able to react more qui ckly because of their close proximity to the affected area. So the best compromise between the two would be joint authority shared between the state government (governor, mayors, city managers, etc.), and a representative of the federal government designated by the president. Because a plan will already be in place prior to an attack, the state government would have a definitive game plan within the days following an attack. After the government representative arrives, they can work as a cohesive team to plan the best course of action.Along with defining authority, the national response plan should define timelines as to when certain actions are to be taken. Phase one of this plan would ensure that countermeasures were available in the event of a biological attack. This timeline would establish when these countermeasures are to be given, Phase IIIOur current president has described biological weapons as a very serious threat. Mitigation of this threat can be achieved, but needs spec ialized actions from personnel trained in biology as well as investigative techniques. Phase II would call for the creation of an agency dedicated to the threat of bioterrorism. The First step of phase II is finding people with diverse experience ( scientific discipline, investigation, intelligence gather, etc.) to work in this agency. Bioterrorism is a much different threat than most conventional methods of terrorism. To mount a superior defense / offense, it takes a deep understanding of biology, biochemistry, virology, and several other biological sciences. Investigating offenses involving such agents cannot be done without the proper knowledge and practical experience. Most agencies currently tasked with counter-terrorism do not have the requisite personnel with science backgrounds, nor the resources to handle their other responsibilities and the threat from bioterrorism. The need for people with expertise in those areas has been established as is yet unfulfilled. We cannot prop erly stop a threat if those that are tasked with this responsibility do not know everything there is to know about the threat. The first step would be to obtain the right personnel for the agency. The agency would be made up of doctors, scientists, policy makers, first responders, investigators (law enforcement), security personnel, and any other necessary personnel to mount a comprehensive response.The next step would be to define the responsibilities of the agency. I propose this agency be accountable for investigation of biological weapons threats, regulation of biological agents, working in tandem with intelligence agencies here and overseas, and working with other countries to insure the regulation of said materials there as well. These responsibilities are no small task. They will require countless hours of intelligence gathering, diplomacy, investigation, and law enforcement. The scope of this agency would be extensive, but still well within reach if done properly. This agenc y would have to utilize techniques used by the Central Intelligence Agency, the Federal Bureau of Investigations, and many other similar agencies in order to reach such massive goals.Phase IVPhase IV would consist of public education / outreach. The group of people most vulnerable to biological attacks is everyday citizens. If we are to protect the public, then they must be educated as to risks, current counter measures, and what to do in the case of an attack. This is where the educational outreach programs would enter. They would have to be non-invasive as in a pamphlet given out to each patient after a doctors visit, or educational videos provided to employers to be shown at employment orientations. Using this idea could save us billions of dollars in expenditures consequent to an attack by saving much time and effort in organizing and coordinating public actions.Phase VPhase V would consist of training those people responsible for first response. Our first line of defense is no t government agencies, but the people who are closest to the attack this will ceaselessly be local law enforcement, firefighters, and local public health staff. Current local law enforcement agencies are unprepared and unknowledgeable about probably biological attacks and they of all responders would be well versed in what to expect and how to react after a biological attack. Phase V would mandate training of all probably first responders at least once a year. This training would include simulated attacks in a simulated environment. All those that would be involved in the response efforts would be trained in what to do, and then using that training to a simulated attack. This training would also help the public remain easier knowing that their first responders are prepared for the possibility of a biological attack.Advantages vs. DisadvantagesAdvantages The greatest strength of the proposed plan is its comprehensiveness. This plan covers all aspects of biological terrorism (preven tion and response) as well as addressing the current holes in our system. It provides us with the best possible response, along with directing preventative techniques prior to an attack. Agencies dedicated to specific purposes have a long history of effectiveness as can be seen in the Center for Disease Control and other similar agencies. This plan could not work if the responsibilities were placed upon another agency already tasked with other unrelated obligations. Biological weapons are too great a threat to be relegated to one of the many responsibilities of an agency with many other missions. Also in comparison to outsourcing these responsibilities to the private sector, this proposal represent a method of maintaining security, but also maintaining faith in out government. Most citizens want to know that their government is more than capable of protecting them from major security threats. This proposal has the advantage of allowing all responsibilities to stay in house such that there is no division of responsibilities between government and private. This proposal also allows for improvements in out current countermeasure stockpiles, a public more concerned with their own safety, and a standardized response plan such that Disadvantages The greatest thing working against an agency of this type is cost. As stated previously, biodefense funding has gone up significantly every year since two-thousand one. (Schuler 88) A plan of this magnitude would be costly. Also, creating of another agency has the possibility of making an already confusing counter-terrorism more perplexing.Brazos Valley threat assessmentAll the problems that plague the nation in reference to a biological weapons threat are deepen in the Brazos valley Area. The main industry in the region is Texas AM University, and this is also could be considered a high value target.Risk assessmentA threat assessment can be viewed as having three components the threat to a target, the targets vulnerability to the threat, and the consequences should the target be successfully attacked. (Willis 16) In this regard the risk assessment regarding the Brazos Valley is three-parted.Threat to the targetAccording to the CDC, bioterrorism agents are typically divided into three categories categories A, B, and C (www.cdc.gov). socio-economic class A organisms include biological agents with both a high potential for adverse public health impact and that also have a serious potential for large-scale dispersion. Category B agents are moderately easy to disseminate and have low mortality rates. Category C agents are pathogens that might be engineered for mass dissemination because they are easy to produce and have potential for high morbidity or mortality. Based on information gathered from interviews with Assistant Chief Freddy Komar of the Bryan law of nature Department and Doctor Garry Adams of the Texas AM University School of Veterinary Medicine, the biggest threat to Texas AM and the surrou nding areas is the dissemination of a Category A organism, more specifically one that can be easily ported to an aerosol method of dispersal. With an effective dispersal in a highly populated and confined area or event like a football game at Kyle Field, the destructive potential is massive.As an agricultural staple, the Brazos Valley Area Targets Vulnerability to ThreatThe government of the Brazos Valley operates in a continuous state of alertness according to an Interview with Mr. Bill May. Using the Texas AM University Engineering Extension Service (TEEX), the Brazos Valley trains parking brake workers from all over the world at the request of their home agency. TEEX uses a large training facility to provide simulated disasters in order to prepare the trainees for any type of disaster. TEEX is different from other agencies in that it provides the most realistic training found in the country, if not the world. However, this only takes care of the aftermath. The front line of defe nse is the local law enforcement branches. In speaking with the assistant chief of police, I found that while Texas AM is a veritable hub for disaster training, the first line of defense against bio-terror

Democracy is NOT Right for All Nations Essay -- Politics Government

Is body politic the Right Thing For All Nations? No, Democracy is Not Right For All Nations.Merriam-Webster defines the word Democracy as a government by the great deal, rule of the majority, a government in which the supreme power is vested in the people and exercised by them directly or indirectly through a system of representation usually involving periodically held free elections. It is a government designed for the peoples choice for their ruling of themselves and others within their participation or even up nation over political, economic, and matters for the well being of their survival. A democracy is a great thing that can be perfected with a perfect nation, unfortunately a perfect nation is as hard to build and come by as a banana slugs climb is up the 1,860 steps of the Empire State Building in New York City. Democracy is not the best form of government for all nations.Nations can be dissever into two separate categories when it comes to economically balanced countrie s, first-world countries and third-world countries. In a first-world country, such as the United States of America(democracy), Canada, Great Britain, and most of modern-day Europe, the country is successful in its attempts to survive with profitable results in keeping their countrymen without famine, wide-spread disease, and poverty by exporting more goods then they import and by having a governmental system that work for the people by means of the government looking out for them and having the welfare of people in mind. In a third-world country the economy is beneathdeveloped and basically has no where to go but up in that sense. These countries are poverty stricken, disease ridden, environmentally depleted, and full of war and violence deep within itself a... ... people things that sound unimaginable to them and will most likely get elected for it fair so they could win with the race with the steroids of lies and deceit. Democracy is not a just thing for a nation like this.Our democratic society has reached a level of advancement in society, economy, and technology where we hold a standard to even the most basic things so how can a nation that would see a value meal from McDonalds as a 5-Star dinner survive under the same democracy we do? Democracy is a great thing and freedom, not even a question, but not all nations have the ability to use it, understand it, and fully reap its benefits. A democratic nation needs to have the knowledge to comprehend its economic problems and their solutions and the strength keep a firm hold of itself with the help of its people and as of know, not all nations are capable of doing that.

Creation and Destruction in A Clockwork Orange Essays -- Clockwork Ora

Creation and Destruction in A Clockwork Orange In the novel A Clockwork Orange, Anthony Burgess shows his readers a society in which pure destruction seems to reign supreme. The lead character, Alex, and most members of his generation, spend their evenings recreationally beating passersby, having small but brutal gang fights, and generally destroying both property and people. nevertheless these images and instances of destruction constantly interact with images of art, of things created, usually thought to be the diametric opposite of such violence. Indeed, over the course of the novel, creation and destruction become about indistinguishable. The motivations for creation and destruction are more important to the novel than the distinctions between the two. Alex and his three droogs, Pete, Georgie and Dim, commit many acts of violence in the first five chapters, acute and graphic enough that even Burgess admits in his introduction that my intention in writing the work was to titillate the nastier propensities of my readers (Burgess ix).1 The crimes are always committed with a certain theatricality, giving Alexs narration the tone of an artists pride. The maskies that the four wear are non only real horrorshow disguises, but in addition provide dramatic effect (153). It is ars gratia artis (art that comes purely out of a desire to create art), as Alex does not cite any motivation for his violence as well as the fact that he derives pleasure from it, and these four perpetrators consider their violence art. Alexs repetition of O my brothers, particularly in the more grueling scenes, gives the novel the experience of one of Rudyard Kiplings Just So Stories,2 a creation myth. Both the manner of telling the tales and the tales themse... ... Alex eventually grows up. Violence, at the end of the novel, ceases to be his most desire form of creativity. Alex is ready to put his energies elsewhere. At eighteen old Wolfgang Amadeus had written concertos and sy mphonies and operas and oratorios and all that cal, no, not cal, heavenly music (189). The Ludovico technique that would have destroyed Alex would not have been something he could outgrow. A Clockwork Orange blurs the lines between creation and destruction, to the point where distinctions between the two become almost irrelevant. What is important to Burgess is the motivation idler each, and the ability of characters doing either, or both, to change their ways. Works Cited1) Anthony Burgess, A Clockwork Orange (New York W.W. Norton and Company, 1986).2) Rudyard Kipling, Just So Stories (New York Doubleday and Company, 1974).